Saskatchewan, Canada is known as the breadbasket of Canada, famous for its prairies and wheat fields.
Thanks to the vast expanses and immense sky the province is also famous for the most beautiful sunsets. The largest cities are Regina, Canada, with a population of about 235,800 people, and Saskatoon, Canada, with 225,000 people. The province is also famous for the largest area of moving sand dunes in Canada. The sand dunes of Athabasca, with their huge, 30-metre-high barchans, stretch for almost 100 kilometers. Saskatchewan offers many urban activities as well as great opportunities for rural retreats or outdoor activities. Regina, Canada was founded in the late 19th century, and in 1882 the settlement got its present name after Queen Victoria. Regina was founded in a treeless prairie area in need of water. Since its founding, however, residents have planted trees and made dams. Now there is a beautiful Waskana Park in the middle of town with an artificial lake called Waskana Lake in the middle. Among the tourist attractions: Saskatchewan Science Center, House Museum of Canadian Prime Minister John Diefenbaker Museum, National History Museum, Royal Saskatchewan Museum. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada was founded in 1882 in the central part of present-day Saskatchewan by John Lake and was named after the Saskatoon Berry, a variety of the common fig tree found in the province. The city has a population of 202,300 people, more than a fifth of all Saskatchewan residents. Saskatoon is ranked 23rd among Canadian cities. The city has a large Ukrainian community. Saskatoon’s economy is based on the processing of uranium, polymetals and potassium salts. The climate in Saskatoon, as in all of Saskatchewan, is sharply continental. Absolute values range from 50 °C to +41 °C. Winds on the plains prairies are strong. Because of the harsh winters in North America, “Saskatoon” is slang for severe cold. Among the tourist attractions is Wanuskewin Heritage Park (Saskatchewan, Canada), located 5 km north of Saskatoon on the banks of the South Saskatchewan River, Canada. The park has 19 historic sites connected with the life and rituals of the North-American Indians of the Cree, Assiniboine, Saulteaux, Atsina, Dakota, and Blackfoot tribes who lived on this territory 6000 years ago. The area was declared a Canadian National Historic Landmark in 1986.
Province of Quebec
Quebec is one of the largest provinces in Canada. It makes up almost one-sixth of Canada. French-speaking culture has been preserved here since colonial times, and most locals consider French their first language. It is a prosperous region with a well-developed economy, where protection of natural resources is a priority. The largest cities are Montreal and Quebec. They welcome the most tourists – each of them is beautiful in its own way and has a special Old World charm. The province of Quebec is visited by travelers from all over the world. They are attracted by the mesmerizing nature of national parks and reserves, the clearest waters of lakes and rivers, the original atmosphere of the colonial past, numerous festivals, superb ski resorts, unique natural, historical and modern attractions.
The region has great natural resources. Much of the territory is covered with coniferous and deciduous forests. There are huge reserves of fresh water – they occupy about 12% of its surface. There are about half a million lakes and more than 4500 rivers. The largest of the lakes is Mistassini. The largest waterway is the St. Lawrence River.
Yukon Province.
The Yukon became a point of worldwide attraction in the late 19th century as soon as the first gold nuggets were found on the Klondike River. But when those glorious times passed, it turned out that the main treasure of this Canadian territory was not the precious metal at all. The Yukon people truly cherish their dramatic and beautiful scenery, their colorful history, and the unique culture of the early settlers. Tourists flock here to witness the midnight sun, the northern lights, the gold rush, and to fall in love with the region’s wilderness.
The area of the region is 482 thousand km². Much of it is covered by tundra and taiga. Mountain ranges, belonging to the northern part of the Cordilleras, form the relief of the territory. In this area is the highest peak of the country – Mount Logan. The largest volcanic field in the Yukon is Alligator Lake. The Wrangell Volcanic Field is also partially located here.
About 17% of the area is north of the Arctic Circle, so polar days and nights are common here. Another phenomenon related to the geographical location of the region is the permafrost. The most significant faults are the Tintina and Denali faults.
The main waterway of the Yukon is the river of the same name. There are quite a few small lakes, and the larger ones are only three – Teslin, Atlin, and Tagish. All of them are close to British Columbia.
Province of Ontario
Ontario is an amazing combination of comfortable life in a modern city and travel through unimaginably beautiful nature. And the famous Niagara Falls is just one of the many wonders that await visitors year-round. This province is comfortable to vacation in any season – even in bad weather. There is always an opportunity to learn something new or see something unusual.
Ontario has many rivers (total length of 60,000 km) and lakes – about half a million in all. The most notable are in the Great Lakes group – Ontario, Erie, Superior and Guron. On the U.S. border is the most famous and most visited waterfall in the world – Niagara Falls. It is estimated that the province contains about 1/3 of the fresh liquid water reserves of the planet.
Province of British Columbia
British Columbia is a Canadian province located in the westernmost part of the country. The mild climate and scenic nature of the mountains and valleys make the region very attractive to tourism.
About 12.5% of the province’s land is occupied by state reserves and national parks. Approximately 75% of the land is covered by mountains – the Coast Ranges can be seen in most of British Columbia’s most famous landscape photographs. Many species of wildlife and birds are found here, and there are large populations of fish, including game fish.
Province of Alberta
The province of Alberta is the Rocky Mountains to the west and vast expanses of prairie to the east. These flat, endless plains may seem monotonous, but they have a special and unparalleled charm. Much of the northern territory, on the other hand, is covered with boreal forests. The province is landlocked, but its major oil fields make it one of Canada’s thriving territories.
Alberta’s two largest cities, Edmonton and Calgary, are known not only for their interesting sights, but also for the cordiality and hospitality of their residents.
THE CANADIAN SHIELD
A distinctive feature of the geographical map of Canada are the mountains, formed in ancient times by melting glaciers. They cover an area of about 5 million square kilometers. The ice sheet runs in a giant arc around Hudson Bay from the northwest to the northeast. To the south, it skirts the Great Lakes region and reaches the outskirts of the cities of Ontario and Quebec. Canada’s long-settled provinces to the east, such as southern Ontario and Manitoba, are separated from the later settled provinces to the west by this daunting barrier, thousands of kilometers wide.
APPALACHI MOUNTAINS
The northernmost parts of the Appalachian Mountains reach as far east as Quebec and the Maritime Provinces, and they also reach into Newfoundland. Most of the Appalachian Mountains are folded mountains, corroded by the glaciers that once covered them. Lowlands are also found along river valleys and along the coast.
The mountains and highlands are mostly rounded, reaching a height of more than 1,200 meters on the Gaspé Peninsula. In Newfoundland they are about 762 meters high, while on Cape Breton Island they are only 533 meters.
The main distinguishing feature of the region is St. Lawrence Bay. Previously, the route connecting distant settlements to each other was by sea rather than by land. Until recently, the region’s economy depended solely on the sea and most of the population fed on it. An extension of the coastal shoal, the so-called Great Newfoundland Bank is the richest fishing ground, one of the largest in the world. The coastline is well delineated here, and there are both cold and warm currents in the sea. Although the cod no longer exists, there are a variety of marine life, including some species of whales. One of the most important resources of the region is coastal oil.
ATLANTIC REGION
This region contains part of the Appalachian mountain system, but is most associated with Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the Prince Edward Islands. Agriculture is associated with the cultivation of soils of medium fertility. Prince Edward Island has a rich crop of potatoes. The Annapolis Valley in Nova Scotia is famous for its orchids.
GREAT LAKES
More than half of Canada’s population lives in relatively benign climates along the Great Lakes coast and in the St. Lawrence River Valley. There are quite a few mountainous settlements between nearby Detroit’s Winsor and Quebec City, some 1126 kilometers to the northeast. The two most important cities are Toronto and Montreal.
Although winters are cold6 and summers are hot, the climate is not as harsh as in the rest of the country, making it possible to grow a wide variety of crops. In many areas the soils are quite fertile. They have been formed because sedimentary rocks lie above older rocks in the Canadian Shield. A variety of crops are grown here, even grapes, mostly in the Niagara area, but also in other parts of Ontario and even in southern Quebec. Peeley, on Lake Erie, is the northernmost part of the Carolinas, with a rich natural area left over from what was once a natural forested area. Southern plant species such as the tulip tree and the skeleton tree are common here. The forest in Canada is well-preserved. This is why Canada has chosen the maple leaf as its national symbol: tourists admire the autumn leaves and Canadians extract the sap to make maple syrup.
INTERIOR PLAINS
The plains are an extension of the chain of lowlands that runs across the United States from the Rio Grande River northward. In Canada, they are more than 2,414 km long. The Plains include the southern edges of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, most of Alberta, and the southwestern portion of the Northwest Territories. Along the boundary of the plains with the shield are huge natural water reservoirs, such as Lakes Winnipeg, Athabasca and Great Slave Lake. Arctic forests and tundra dominate the territories to the north, and fertile soils to the south. They were once grasslands, but now there is agriculture. Most of Canada’s grain is produced here. Along with the ruthlessly exploited prairie pastures, countless bison, which once grazed on the plains, were literally exterminated.
Originally settlers came to the plains to farm livestock and grow grain. But the pace of economic development is now determined by oil and natural gas resources. Most of this industry is developed in Alberta.
THE CORDILLERAS IN CANADA
The Cordilleras are part of a 14,500 km long mountain range stretching from Tierra del Fuego to Alaska, and many smaller ranges and mountain plateaus up to 800 km wide. They are located throughout the Yukon and most of British Columbia. And the ridge of the Rocky Mountains forms the border with Alberta. Here are the most stunning landscapes in Canada and the highest mountain peaks. Until recently, many explorers tried to conquer them. The highest peak in the Canadian Rocky Mountains is Mount Robson (3,954 meters). Some peaks in the Mackenzie Range in the Yukon exceed 2,500 meters, but the highest mountain in Canada and the second highest in North America is Mount Logan (6,050 meters) in the northwest in the St. Elias Mountain Range.
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